What Depression Feels Like: How to Explain the Symptoms to Your Loved One's
Depression is a complex and often misunderstood mental health condition that affects millions of people worldwide. It's not just feeling sad or experiencing a low mood for a few days; it's a persistent and pervasive feeling of sadness, hopelessness, and emptiness that can last for weeks, months, or even years. Understanding what depression feels like is crucial in helping those affected seek appropriate treatment and support.
Depression can present itself in various ways, including physical symptoms, emotional symptoms, cognitive symptoms, and social symptoms. Furthermore, it impacts every aspect of an individual's life, making it difficult to complete daily tasks and responsibilities, maintain healthy relationships with friends and family, and even maintain employment or education. It's essential to recognize the signs and symptoms of depression and seek help and support from a mental health professional or trusted support system.
In this blog post, we'll explore the different ways that depression can feel and how it can impact an individual's day-to-day life.
The Physical Symptoms of Depression
Fatigue and Lack of Energy
One of the most common physical symptoms of depression is fatigue and a lack of energy. Many people with depression report feeling tired and lethargic, even after getting a full night's sleep. This fatigue can make it difficult to complete daily tasks.
When serotonin and norepinephrine are imbalanced, it can lead to feelings of fatigue and a lack of energy. This is because these neurotransmitters are responsible for regulating mood and energy levels.
Another explanation of this fatigue is due to how our body processes trauma and stress: through our dreams. When we experience excessive REM sleep, this can lead to feelings of being exhausted even after sleeping through the night, as a result of your body attempting to process the high amounts of stress.
Changes in Appetite and Sleep Patterns
Some individuals may experience an increase in appetite, leading to weight gain, while others may experience a decrease in appetite, leading to weight loss. Similarly, depression can cause insomnia or hypersomnia, which can further impact one's energy levels and overall well-being.
The reason these changes occur are due to the impact on hormone levels such as cortisol, which is responsible for regulating appetite and stress levels, and melatonin, which regulates sleep. When these hormones are imbalanced with depression, it can lead to changes in appetite and sleep patterns.
Additionally, depression can lead to emotional eating or loss of appetite due to the lack of interest in activities or feelings of hopelessness.
“Unexplained” Aches and Pains
These may include headaches, muscle aches, joint pain, and other physical symptoms that are not related to any underlying medical condition. These symptoms can be particularly frustrating as they can persist even after treating the underlying medical condition that they mimic.
The reason for this is because depression can cause inflammation and other changes in the body that lead to physical pain and discomfort. Additionally, depression can cause changes in the way that an individual perceives pain, making even minor aches and pains feel more intense.
It's important to note that the physical symptoms of depression are often interrelated and can reinforce one another. For example, fatigue can lead to a lack of motivation to exercise or engage in physical activity, which can lead to further weight gain or loss and exacerbate feelings of fatigue and aches and pains.
The Impact of Physical Symptoms on Daily Life
The physical symptoms of depression can have a significant impact on an individual's daily life. Fatigue and lack of energy can make it difficult to complete tasks and responsibilities, leading to further feelings of inadequacy and hopelessness. Changes in appetite and sleep patterns can impact an individual's overall physical health, leading to weight gain or loss and a general lack of energy. Unexplained aches and pains can be particularly frustrating as they can impact an individual's quality of life and make it difficult to participate in activities they once enjoyed.
Managing the Physical Symptoms of Depression
Regular exercise: Exercise has been shown to improve mood, reduce fatigue, and alleviate physical symptoms of depression.
Healthy diet: Eating a balanced and nutritious diet can help regulate appetite and energy levels, and reduce inflammation in the body.
Good sleep hygiene: Establishing good sleep habits, such as sticking to a regular sleep schedule, avoiding screens before bed, and creating a relaxing sleep environment, can help improve sleep quality and regulate sleep patterns.
The Emotional Symptoms of Depression
In addition to physical symptoms, depression can also cause a range of emotional symptoms that can be just as debilitating as the physical. These emotional symptoms can affect a person's overall mood, motivation, and ability to enjoy life. In this section, we'll explore the most common emotional symptoms of depression.
Persistent Sadness and Hopelessness
Feeling sad or hopeless is one of the hallmark symptoms of depression. People with depression may experience a persistent low mood that lasts for weeks, months, or even years. This sadness can feel overwhelming and may be accompanied by feelings of helplessness, worthlessness, and guilt.
These emotions may be caused by changes in the levels of neurotransmitters in the brain, specifically serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine. These chemicals are responsible for regulating mood, and when their levels are disrupted, it can lead to feelings of sadness, hopelessness, and despair as a constant state of existence.
Loss of Interest or Pleasure
Another common emotional symptom of depression is a loss of interest in activities that were once enjoyable. This can include hobbies, socializing with friends and family, and even basic self-care activities such as grooming or exercise. This loss of pleasure can further exacerbate feelings of sadness and hopelessness.
This is caused by a lack of dopamine in the brain, which is responsible for regulating feelings of pleasure and reward. When dopamine levels are low, individuals may find it difficult to experience pleasure or enjoyment, leading to a loss of interest in activities they once enjoyed.
Irritability and Anger
Depression can cause changes in an individual's emotional regulation, leading to irritability, anger, or even rage. These emotions can be difficult to manage and may further exacerbate feelings of guilt and worthlessness.
These emotions may be caused by changes in the levels of the neurotransmitter serotonin, which helps regulate mood and emotion. When serotonin levels are low, individuals may experience difficulty regulating their emotions, leading to increased irritability and anger.
Anxiety and Agitation
People with depression may experience constant worry, restlessness, or a feeling of being "on edge." This can make it difficult to relax, sleep, or concentrate. This can also cause symptoms such as insomnia to appear.
These feelings are caused by changes in the levels of the neurotransmitters norepinephrine and GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid). Norepinephrine is responsible for regulating the body's fight-or-flight response, and when its levels are disrupted, individuals may experience increased anxiety and agitation. GABA, on the other hand, helps regulate feelings of calm and relaxation, and when its levels are low, individuals may experience increased anxiety.
Managing the Emotional Symptoms of Depression
While the emotional symptoms of depression can be challenging to manage, there are several strategies that individuals can use to alleviate them. These may include:
Therapy: Working with a mental health professional can help individuals identify and address the underlying causes of their emotional symptoms. Different therapies, such as cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) or interpersonal therapy (IPT), can provide individuals with the skills and strategies to better cope with their emotions.
Medication: Antidepressant medications can help regulate the levels of neurotransmitters in the brain, improving mood and reducing emotional symptoms.
Support: Seeking support from friends, family, or support groups can provide individuals with a sense of connection and reduce feelings of isolation.
The Cognitive Symptoms of Depression
Cognitive symptoms refer to changes in an individual's thought processes, including memory, concentration, and decision-making abilities. These symptoms can be particularly challenging, as they can impact an individual's ability to function in daily life.
Difficulty Concentrating or Making Decisions
Cognitive symptoms such as difficulty concentrating, making decisions, or remembering things are a cause of depression. This is especially challenging when there are expectations of high performance levels at work or school. This pressure can intensify the feelings of worthlessness when unable to meet these unrealistic standards.
A person would find it challenging to focus on tasks or making even simple decisions. This can, more seriously, impact work or school performance, as well as daily tasks such as cooking or cleaning. The feeling of being overwhelmed can cause individuals to withdraw from social activities and may contribute to additional feelings of isolation and loneliness that come with this disorder.
These feelings and symptoms are caused by changes in the levels of the neurotransmitter serotonin, which helps regulate cognitive function. When serotonin levels are low, individuals may experience difficulty with concentration, memory, and decision-making.
Negative Thoughts and Self-Criticism
Someone struggling may experience a persistent negative view of themselves, their situation, and the world around them. This negative thinking may be caused by changes in the levels of neurotransmitters such as serotonin and norepinephrine, as well as by negative life experiences that contribute to feelings of hopelessness and helplessness.
It is likely the person will engage in self-blame and feel like a burden to others. This negative thinking can impact self-esteem, relationships, and the ability to enjoy life.
Memory Problems
Individuals may experience difficulty with short-term memory and forgetfulness. This can impact daily tasks, such as forgetting appointments or misplacing items. Memory problems may also impact work or school performance, as individuals may struggle to remember important details.
Memory problems may be caused by changes in the levels of neurotransmitters in the brain, as well as by changes in brain structure that can occur in individuals with depression. Chronic stress, which is often associated with depression, can also impact memory function.=
Suicidal Thoughts
Suicidal thoughts are a serious cognitive symptom of depression. Individuals may experience thoughts of self-harm or suicide, which can be a sign of a severe and potentially life-threatening episode of depression. Suicidal thoughts may be caused by a combination of genetic, environmental, and psychological factors. For example, a family history of depression or suicide may increase an individual's risk of suicidal thoughts. Negative life experiences, such as trauma or abuse, can also contribute to feelings of hopelessness and helplessness.
Suicidal thoughts can be particularly frightening and may cause individuals to feel trapped or hopeless. If you’re struggling with suicidal thoughts, its important to seek help in managing these overwhelming feelings. Although calling for the first time can feel intimidating, it can make a massive difference for you and your mental health. If you live within the United States, you can dial 988 for confidential and free mental health crisis support.
Depression can cause a range of cognitive symptoms that can be particularly challenging for individuals. These symptoms may be caused by changes in the levels of neurotransmitters in the brain, as well as by negative life experiences that contribute to feelings of hopelessness and helplessness. Understanding these cognitive symptoms and their underlying causes can help individuals better cope with depression and improve their overall quality of life. If you or someone you know is experiencing symptoms of depression, it's important to seek help from a mental health professional. Depression is a treatable condition, and with the right treatment, individuals can achieve long-term recovery and improved cognitive functioning.
Managing the Cognitive Symptoms of Depression
While the cognitive symptoms of depression can be challenging to manage, there are several strategies that individuals can use to alleviate them. These may include:
Challenge negative thoughts: Depression can make it challenging to think positively, and negative thoughts can easily spiral out of control. When you catch yourself having negative thoughts, try to challenge them by asking yourself if they're true or if there's evidence to support them. Then, try to replace them with more positive thoughts.
Practice mindfulness: Mindfulness meditation can help you become more aware of your thoughts and feelings without judgment. It can also help you learn to focus on the present moment and let go of negative thoughts and worries.
Set achievable goals: Depression can make it challenging to accomplish even the simplest tasks. Break down your goals into smaller, achievable steps to help you feel more motivated and accomplished.
The Impact of Depression on Social Life
Let's explore the social symptoms of depression, how they feel, and the underlying causes of these feelings. Depression can have a significant impact on an individual's social life, including their relationships with others, their ability to engage in social activities, and their overall quality of life. Here are some common social symptoms of depression.
Withdrawal from Social Activities
Withdrawal from social activities is a common social symptom of depression. Individuals may lose interest in activities they once enjoyed, such as hobbies or social events, and may become isolated from friends and family. This can lead to feelings of loneliness and contribute to the development or worsening of depressive symptoms.
Withdrawal from social activities may be caused by a combination of factors, including changes in brain chemistry, negative life experiences, and low self-esteem. Individuals with depression may also feel ashamed or embarrassed about their symptoms, which can lead them to withdraw from social interactions.
Difficulty Maintaining Relationships
Individuals may have trouble connecting with others or may struggle to maintain close relationships. They may feel distant from loved ones and have difficulty expressing their emotions. This can lead to feelings of alienation and loneliness.
Low Self-Esteem
A person struggling may feel worthless, unimportant, or undeserving of love and support. This negative self-image can impact relationships with others, as well as the ability to function in daily life.
Irritability and Aggression
These people may experience intense feelings of frustration or anger, which can be directed towards loved ones or strangers. This can impact relationships with others and can lead to further isolation and withdrawal. Chronic stress can increase the development of irritability and aggression, and further worsen symptoms of depression.
The Impact of Depression on Daily Life
Depression can have a significant impact on an individual's daily life, affecting their ability to function at home, work, and school. Here are some ways that depression can impact daily life:
Difficulty with Daily Tasks
Individuals with depression may find it challenging to complete daily tasks, such as getting out of bed, getting dressed, and preparing meals. These tasks may feel overwhelming, and individuals may lack the motivation or physical energy to complete them.
Problems with Concentration and Memory
Depression can also impact an individual's ability to concentrate and remember information. Individuals may struggle to stay focused on tasks or may have trouble recalling important information.
Work and School Performance
Someone may struggle to complete assignments or may have difficulty concentrating on tasks. This can lead to decreased productivity and may impact an individual's ability to meet deadlines or achieve goals.
Interpersonal Relationships
A person may struggle to connect with others or may feel isolated and withdrawn. This can impact relationships with friends, family, and romantic partners.
Physical Health
Individuals may experience chronic pain, headaches, and digestive issues, among other symptoms. These physical symptoms can make it even more challenging to complete daily tasks and can further impact an individual's quality of life.
Final Notes
Depression is a complex mental health condition that can have a significant impact on an individual's life. It can cause a range of physical, emotional, cognitive, and social symptoms that can affect daily life, work, and relationships.
If you or someone you know is experiencing symptoms of depression, it's essential to seek help from a mental health professional. Treatment options, including therapy, medication, and lifestyle changes, can improve symptoms and quality of life for long-term results.
Remember that depression is treatable, and it's okay to ask for help. By seeking support and taking steps towards recovery, individuals can regain their sense of well-being and lead fulfilling lives.
